1선임연구원, K-water연구원 수자원위성센터, 대전광역시 유성구 유성대로1689번길 125, 34045, 대한민국
2책임위원, K-water연구원 수자원위성센터, 대전광역시 유성구 유성대로1689번길 125, 34045, 대한민국
3수석연구원, K-water연구원 수자원위성센터, 대전광역시 유성구 유성대로1689번길 125, 34045, 대한민국
1Senior Researcher, K-water Research Institute, 125 Yuseong-daero 1689beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, 34045 Daejeon, South Korea
2Principal Specialist, K-water Research Institute, 125 Yuseong-daero 1689beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, 34045 Daejeon, South Korea
3Head Researcher, K-water Research Institute, 125 Yuseong-daero 1689beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, 34045 Daejeon, South Korea
Copyright © 2024 GeoAI Data Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of Interest
Euiho Hwang and Kimook Kang have been an Editorial Board of GEO DATA; however, they were not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. Otherwise, no other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Funding Information
This research was supported by Ministry of Environment, under the Development of Ground Operation System for Water Resources Satellite.
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
2024 Aug 14 | 2024 Aug 19 | 2024 Sep 23 | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 26 | 26 | 26 |
Mean | 41.6 | 47.6 | 19.5 |
Maximum | 84.0 | 89.6 | 31.2 |
Minimum | 29.2 | 30.9 | 11.0 |
Item | Parameter | Alg.1 | Alg.2 | Alg.3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Training data | Iteration | 6,900 | 3,000 | 3,500 |
Learning rate | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Depth | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.96 | |
RMSE | 4.6 | 5.2 | 10.1 | |
Test data | R2 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.85 |
RMSE | 12.9 | 10.3 | 18.1 |
Number | R2 | RMSE (mg/m3) | MAE (mg/m3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alg.1 | 76 | 0.14 | 82.7 | 78.9 |
Alg.2 | 76 | 0.71 | 49.0 | 41.7 |
Alg.2 | 76 | 0.79 | 10.1 | 6.6 |
Algorithm | Input variables | Number |
---|---|---|
Alg.1 | B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8 | 7 |
Alg.2 | B2, …, B8, B3/B2, …, B8/B2, B2/B3, …, B8/B3, B2/B4, …, B8/B4, B2/B5, …, B8/B5, B2/B6, …, B8/B6, B2/B7, …, B8/B7, B2/B8, …, B7/B8 | 49 |
Alg.3 | B5/B4, (B3+B5)/2-B4 | 2 |
Sentinel-2 | Specification |
---|---|
Sensor | Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) |
Operator | European Space Agency |
Operation time | S2A since 2015 |
S2B since 2017 | |
Resolution | |
Spatial (m) | 10, 20, 60 |
Temporal (days) | 10 (per satellite) |
Spectral (bands) | 13 |
Radiometric (bits) | 12 |
Field of view (km) | 290 |
2024 Aug 14 | 2024 Aug 19 | 2024 Sep 23 | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 26 | 26 | 26 |
Mean | 41.6 | 47.6 | 19.5 |
Maximum | 84.0 | 89.6 | 31.2 |
Minimum | 29.2 | 30.9 | 11.0 |
GLORIA | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | Chl-a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 0.0989 | 0.1585 | 0.0991 | 0.1041 | 0.0442 | 0.0436 | 0.0360 | 28.9 |
Maximum | 0.4050 | 0.5709 | 0.4990 | 0.5316 | 0.3970 | 0.4221 | 0.3977 | 449.0 |
Minimum | 0.0027 | 0.0099 | 0.0026 | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | -0.0051 | -0.0118 | 0.1 |
Median | 0.0820 | 0.1358 | 0.0653 | 0.0637 | 0.0210 | 0.0194 | 0.0162 | 10.2 |
Item | Parameter | Alg.1 | Alg.2 | Alg.3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Training data | Iteration | 6,900 | 3,000 | 3,500 |
Learning rate | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Depth | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
R2 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.96 | |
RMSE | 4.6 | 5.2 | 10.1 | |
Test data | R2 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.85 |
RMSE | 12.9 | 10.3 | 18.1 |
Number | R2 | RMSE (mg/m3) | MAE (mg/m3) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alg.1 | 76 | 0.14 | 82.7 | 78.9 |
Alg.2 | 76 | 0.71 | 49.0 | 41.7 |
Alg.2 | 76 | 0.79 | 10.1 | 6.6 |
Essential |
||
---|---|---|
Field | Sub-Category | |
Title of Dataset | GLORIA | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.948492 | |
Category | Environment | |
Temporal Coverage | 2024.8.14., 2024.8.19., 2024.9.8., 2024.9.23. | |
Spatial Coverage | Address | The global 450 water bodies (included in the dataset) |
WGS84 Coordinates | Included in the dataset per point | |
Personnel | Name | Gibeom Nam |
Affiliation | K-water | |
gbnam@kwater.or.kr | ||
CC License | CC BY-NC | |
Optional |
||
Field | Sub-Category | |
Summary of Dataset | GLObal Reflectance community dataset for Imaging and optical sensing of Aquatic environments | |
Project | The Development of Ground Operation System for Water Resources Satellite | |
Instrument | Sentinel-2 (ESA) |
GLORIA, global reflectance community dataset for imaging and optical sensing of aquatic environments.
RMSE, root mean square error.
RMSE, root mean square error; MAE, mean absolute error.