Ju-Kyeong Eo; Eunsu Park; Ho-Yeon Won; Young Sang Lee; Dongsu Yu; Areum Han; Hwa-Yong Lee; Hee-Su Lee

doi:10.22761/DJ2021.3.2.001

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The Funga of Higher Fungi of the Mongolian Oak Forest in Mt. Jeombong, Korea: Ju-Kyeong Eo^1,*, Eunsu Park¹, Ho-Yeon Won¹, Young Sang Lee¹, Dongsu Yu², Areum Han¹, Hwa-Yong Lee³, Hee-Su Lee³; GEO DATA 2021;3(2):1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22761/DJ2021.3.2.001
Published online: July 21, 2021

¹Division of Climate and Ecology, Bureau of Conservation & Assessment Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea

²National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea

³Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding author: abiesendo@gmail.com

• Received: April 9, 2021 • Revised: June 8, 2021 • Accepted: May 28, 2021

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Project description
3. Methods
4. Temporal coverage
5. Spatial coverage
6. Results
Notes
References
Appendix

Abstract

This study was conducted to find the biodiversity of higher fungi at the supersite of Mt. Jeombong from July to October 2016 during the Second Long Term Ecology Research project. A total of 31 families, 52 genera, and 120 species of higher fungi were found within the permanent 1 ha qaudrat and in a 10 m radius of the ecological flux tower. From a taxonomical and ecological perspcetive, Russulaceae (22 species, 18.0%), Boletaceae (17 species, 13.9%), and Amanitaceae (10 species, 8.2%) were the top 3 taxa with the most species found in mycorrhizal mushrooms. Marasmiaceae (10 species, 9.8%), Mycenaceae (8 species, 6.6%), and Polyporaceae (6 species, 4.9%) were also the top 3 taxa with the most species found in saprophytic mushrooms.
Keywords: Funga, Higher fungi, Mongolian oak, Mt. Jeombong, Korea

1. Introduction

The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea conducted the First Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project from 2004 to 2013 to monitor ecosystem change, maintenance, and conservation. Beginning in 2014, the second LTER project was launched by the National Institute of Ecology. The purpose of the LTER project was to lay the foundation for monitoring of biodiversity and researching the interactions between organisms from a supersite on Mt. Jeombong in Gangwon-do. For this, a roadmap of the 2^nd LTER project established in 2014, and the supersite was established in the experimental forest of Mt. Jeombong in 2015. In 2016, research on the interactions between organisms was conducted at the supersite. All synthetic studies conducted at this supersite divided into one of eight topics:

(1) population dynamics and wetland, (2) plant community and nutrient cycling, (3) insect–plant correlation, (4) soil microbial biodiversity and its environment, (5) forest bird community and feeding guild structure, (6) forest bat community, (7) forest food network structure, and (8) ecology and environment space database construction. As part of this effort, we collected diversity data on higher fungi in the Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) forest of Mt. Jeombong in 2016 (National Institute of Ecology, 2016).

2. Project description

Title: Soil microbial biodiversity and its environment In 2016, we conducted a study on soil microbial biodiversity and its environment at the supersite of Mt. Jeombong. The aim of the research was to investigate the community of soil microorganisms in a forest ecosystem and to understand the interactions between microorganisms. However, unlike other microorganisms, higher fungi form fruiting bodies that can be observed directly with the naked eye. Therefore, we focused our investigation on higher fungi through the collection and analysis of diversity data.

3. Methods

Our research was conducted within the permanent quadrat measuring 100 × 100 m (1 ㏊) and in a 10 m radius of the ecological flux tower on Mt. Jeombong. We checked the host plants and surrounding environment and observed characteristics, like the color and shape of the fruiting bodies. The identification of higher fungi was performed by combining macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, such as the cap, stem, and spores. In addition, the “Wild Fungi of Korea” (Park and Lee, 2010) and “Nihon no kinoko” (Imazeki, 2011) were referenced for the identification and classification of higher fungi. These data were produced in accordance with the data standards and quality control procedures of the EcoBank ecological database of the National Institute of Ecology.

4. Temporal coverage

The biodiversity data on higher fungi in this study were produced during the 2^nd LTER from July to October 2016.

5. Spatial coverage

This research was conducted within the permanent 1 ha quadrat defined by the following geographic coordinates: upper left: N 38° 02′18.90″ E 128° 28′00.96″, upper right: N 38° 02′18.65″ E 128° 28′04.46″, lower left: N 38° 02′16.25″ E 128° 28′00.89″, and lower right: N 38° 02′15.65″ E 128° 28′04.99″ and in a 10 m radius of the ecological flux tower (center: N 38° 02′16.87″ E 128° 28′05.94″) on Mt. Jeombong in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea (Fig. 1).

6. Results

A total of 31 families, 52 genera, and 120 species were identified (Table 1). Among them, mycorrhizal mushrooms were found in 13 families, 23 genera, and 76 species. There were 2 genera and 22 species in Russulaceae, 6 genera and 17 species in Boletaceae, 1 genus and 10 species in Amanitaceae, 3 genera and 6 species in Tricholomataceae, and 3 genera and 5 species in Agaricaceae. One genus and three species were identified in Bankeraceae, Gomphaceae, and Thelephoraceae, whereas one genus and two species were found in Cortinariceae and Entolomataceae. One genus and one species were identified in Cantharellaceae, Gomphidiaceae, and Suillaceae. Saprophytic mushrooms were found in 18 families, 29 genera, and 44 species. There were 5 genera and 10 species in Marasmiaceae, 2 genera and 8 species in Mycenaceae, 3 genera and 6 species in Polyporaceae, and 2 genera and 3 species in Strophariaceae. Two genera and two species were identified in Physalacriaceae, Stereumceae, and Xylariaceae. Futher, one genus and one species were identified in Clavariaceae, Corticiaceae, Helotiaceae, Meruliaceae, Nidulariaceae, Pezizaceae, Pluteaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Scutigeraceae, and Tubiferaceae (Fig. 2). The results of this research were published as part of the 2^nd LTER Report (National Institue of Ecology, 2016).

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Ecology (NIE), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIE-B-2016-02).

Notes

Usage rights

Use license: Other

IP rights notes: Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

Data resources

Number of dataset: 1

Data set name: higherfungi1.zip

Data format: *.shp, *.xlsx

*.shp files: Map of research site of higher fungi of Mt. Jeombong

Higherfungi.xlsx: Raw data of higher fungi of Mt. Jeombong.

http://doi.or.kr/10.22756/GEO.20210000000757

Fig. 1.

Map of the research site at Mt. Jeombong in Gangwon-do (shown as a red circle in the inset). Biodiversity of higher fungi conducted within (A) the permanent 1 ha quadrat (100 × 100 m) indicated by black lines and (B) in a 10 m radius (red dotted circle) of the ecological flux tower.

Fig. 2.

Taxonomical structure of families of higher fungi of Mt. Jeombong, Korea. Russulaceae (22 species, 18.0%), Boletaceae (17 species, 13.9%), and Amanitaceae (10 species, 8.2%) are the top 3 taxa with the most species found in mycorrhizal mushrooms. Marasmiaceae (10 species, 9.8%), Mycenaceae (8 species, 6.6%), and Polyporaceae (6 species, 4.9%) are also the top 3 taxa with the most species found in saprophytic mushrooms.

Table 1.

List of higher fungal species collected from the Mongolian oak forest of Mt. Jeombong.

Family name	Genus name	Scientific name	Korean name^*
Agaricaceae	Agaricus	Agaricus silvaticus	숲주름버섯 ^a
		Agaricus sp.	주름버섯속 ^a
	Lycoperdon	Lycoperdon perlatum	말불버섯 ^b
		Lycoperdon pyriforme	좀말불버섯 ^a
	Nidula	Nidula niveotomentosa	새둥지버섯 ^a
Amanitaceae	Amanita	Amanita fulva	고동색우산버섯 ^{a, b}
		Amanita hemibapha	달걀버섯 ^a,^b
		Amanita onusta	회색귀신광대버섯 ^a
		Amanita pantherina	마귀광대버섯 ^a
		Amanita pseudoporphyria	암회색광대버섯아재비 ^{a, b}
		Amanita rubrovolvata	붉은주머니광대버섯 ^{a, b}
		Amanita sychnopyramis	구슬광대버섯 ^a
		Amanita virosa	독우산광대버섯 ^a
		Amanita volvata	큰주머니광대버섯 ^a
		Amanita sp.	광대버섯속 ^b
Bankeraceae	Hydnellum	Hydnellum sp.	갈색깔때기버섯속 ^b
		Hydnellum concrescens	고리갈색깔때기버섯 ^a
		Hydnellum ferrugineum	향기갈색깔때기버섯 ^a
Boletaceae	Boletus	Boletus auripes	수원그물버섯 ^a
		Boletus erythropus	붉은대그물버섯 ^a
		Boletus ornatipes	밤색갓그물버섯 ^a
		Boletus sensibilis	붉은줄기그물버섯 ^a
		Boletus sp.	그물버섯속 ^{a, b}
		Boletus subtomentosus	산그물버섯 ^a
	Leccinum	Leccinum aurantiacum	껄껄이그물버섯 ^{a, b}
		Leccinum extremiorientale	접시껄껄이그물버섯 ^a
		Leccinum scabrum	거친껄껄이그물버섯 ^b
		Leccinum sp.	껄껄이그물버섯속 ^b
	Phylloporus	Phylloporus sp.	민그물버섯속 ^a
	Pulveroboletus	Pulveroboletus ravenelii	노랑분말그물버섯 ^{a, b}
	Tylopilus	Tylopilus alkalixanthus	녹슨쓴맛그물버섯 ^{a, b}
		Tylopilus neofelleus	제주쓴맛그물버섯 ^{a, b}
		Tylopilus sp.	쓴맛그물버섯속 ^b
	Xerocomus	Xerocomus chrysenteron	마른산그물버섯 ^a
		Xerocomus subtomentosus	산그물버섯 ^a
Cantharellaceae	Cantharellus	Cantharellus minor	애기꾀꼬리버섯 ^a
Clavariaceae	Ramariopsis	Ramariopsis kunzei	쇠뜨기버섯 ^a
Corticiaceae	Corticium	Corticium chrysocreas	황금고약버섯 ^a
Cortinariceae	Cortinarius	Cortinarius purpurascens	풍선끈적버섯 ^a
		Cortinarius traganus	연자색끈적버섯 ^{a, b}
Entolomataceae	Entoloma	Entoloma rhodopolium	삿갓외대버섯 ^{a, b}
		Entoloma sp.	외대버섯속 ^a
Gomphaceae	Ramaria	Ramaria botrytis	싸리버섯 ^{a, b}
		Ramaria flava	노랑싸리버섯 ^b
		Ramaria formosa	붉은싸리버섯 ^a
Gomphidiaceae	Chroogomphus	Chroogomphus vinicolor	비단못버섯 ^a
Helotiaceae	Chlorociboria	Chlorociboria aeruginosa	녹청균 ^b
Marasmiaceae	Gymnopus	Gymnopus confluens	밀꽃애기버섯 ^{a, b}
		Gymnopus dryophilus	굽은꽃애기버섯 ^{a, b}
		Gymnopus peronata	하얀색 가랑잎애기버섯 ^{a, b}
		Gymnopus peronatus	가랑잎꽃애기버섯 ^a
		Gymnopus sp.	꽃애기버섯속 ^{a, b}
	Marasmius	Marasmius maximus	큰낙엽버섯 ^b
		Marasmius siccus	애기낙엽버섯 ^b
	Marasmiellus	Marasmiellus sp.	선녀버섯속 ^b
	Rhodocollybia	Rhodocollybia butyracea	버터철쭉버섯 ^a
	Xeromphalina	Xeromphalina campanella	이끼살이버섯 ^b
Meruliaceae	Radulodon	Radulodon copelandii	긴송곳버섯 ^b
Mycenaceae	Mycena	Mycena amygdalina	가마애주름버섯 ^{a, b}
		Mycena crocata	노란애주름버섯 ^a
		Mycena galericulata	콩나물애주름버섯 ^a
		Mycena haematopus	적갈색애주름버섯 ^a
		Mycena rorida	점질애주름버섯 ^a
		Mycena pura	맑은애주름버섯 ^a
		Mycena sp.	애주름버섯속 ^b
	Panellus	Panellus stipticus	부채버섯 ^{a, b}
Nidulariaceae	Crucibulum	Crucibulum laeve	찻잔버섯 ^a
Pezizaceae	Peziza	Peziza sp.	주발버섯속 ^a
Physalacriaceae	Cylindrobasidium	Cylindrobasidium evolvens	담자고약버섯 ^b
	Armillaria	Armillaria mellea	뽕나무버섯 ^{a, b}
Pluteaceae	Pluteus	Pluteus atricapillus	난버섯 ^{a, b}
Polyporaceae	Polyporus	Polyporus badius	검정대구멍장이버섯 ^a
		Polyporus varius	노란대구멍장이버섯 ^a
	Microporus	Microporus vernicipes	메꽃버섯부치 ^a
	Trametes	Trametes hirsuta	흰구름송편버섯 ^a
		Trametes versicolor	구름송편버섯 ^b
		Trametes sp.	송편버섯속 ^a
Psathyrellaceae	Psathyrella	Psathyrella candolleana	족제비눈물버섯 ^a
Russulaceae	Lactarius	Lactarius chrysorrheus	노란젖버섯 ^a,^b
		Lactarius flavidulus	누룩젖버섯 ^a
		Lactarius hygrophoroides	흰주름젖버섯 ^b
		Lactarius piperatus	굴털이 ^a,^b
		Lactarius scrobiculatus	민들레젖버섯 ^{a, b}
		Lactarius subplinthogalus	얇은갓젖버섯 ^a
		Lactarius subzonarius	당귀젖버섯 ^a
		Lactarius volemus	배젖버섯 ^{a, b}
		Lactarius sp.	젖버섯속 ^a
	Russula	Russula alboaxeolata	흰꽃무당버섯 ^a
		Russula amoena	가지무당버섯 ^a
		Russula cyanoxantha	청머루무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula emetica	무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula japonica	갈변흰무당버섯 ^a
		Russula mariae	수원무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula nigricans	절구무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula omiensis	보라무당버섯 ^a
		Russula rosea	졸각무당버섯 ^a
		Russula sanguinea	혈색무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula senecis	흙무당버섯 ^{a, b}
		Russula virescens	기와버섯 ^a
		Russula sp.	무당버섯속 ^a
Schizophyllaceae	Schizophyllum	Schizophyllum commune	치마버섯 ^a
Scutigeraceae	Albatrellus	Albatrellus confluens	다발방패버섯 ^a
Stereumceae	Stereum	Stereum ostrea	갈색꽃구름버섯 ^{a, b}
	Xylobolus	Xylobolus spectabilis	너털거북꽃구름버섯 ^{a, b}
Strophariaceae	Hypholoma	Hypholoma fasciculare	노란개암버섯 ^a
		Hypholoma sublateritium	개암버섯 ^{a, b}
	Gymnopilus	Gymnopilus liquiritiae	미치광이버섯 ^a
Suillaceae	Suillus	Suillus luteus	비단그물버섯 ^a
Thelephoraceae	Thelephora	Thelephora palmata	단풍사마귀버섯 ^b
		Thelephora penicillata	붓털사마귀버섯 ^a
		Thelephora sp.	사마귀버섯속 ^b
Tricholomataceae	Lepista	Lepista sordida	자주방망이버섯아재비 ^a
		Lepista nuda	민자주방망이버섯 ^a
		Lepista sp.	자주방망이버섯속 ^a
	Oudemansiella	Oudemansiella radicata	민긴뿌리버섯 ^a
	Clitocybe	Clitocybe truncicola	황색깔때기버섯 ^a
		Clitocybe sp.	깔때기버섯속 ^a
Tubiferaceae	Lycogala	Lycogala epidendrum	분홍콩점균 ^b
Xylariaceae	Hypoxylon	Hypoxylon truncatum	검은팥버섯 ^a
	Daldinia	Daldinia concentrica	콩버섯 ^a

^a , permanent quadrat;

^b , ecological flux tower

^* , Korean name of mushroom is referred to “National Species List of Korea”, “Wild Fungi of Korea”.

References

Imazeki R (2011) Nihon no kinoko. Yamatokeikokusha, Tokyo
National Institute of Biological Resources (2019) National Species List of Korea Ⅰ Plants, Fungi, Algae, Prokaryotes
National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon
National Institute of Ecology (2016) Project of Long Term Ecological Research. National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon
Park WH, Lee HD (2010) Wild Fungi of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing, Seoul

Appendix

Metadata

Sort	Field	Subcategory#1	Subcategory#2	Description	Note
Essential	Title	The funga of higher fungi of Mt. Jeombong		Dataset1	LTER (2016): The funga of higher fungi of Mt. Jeombong
	*DOI name	10.22756/GEO.20210000000757	-	-
	*Category	biota	macrofungi
	Abstract
	*Temporal Coverage	July to October 2016		Acquisition period
	*Spatial Coverage	• Permanent quadrat	Point	World Geodetic System (WGS84)
		- Upper left: N 38° 02′18.90″ E 128° 28′00.96″
		- Upper right: N 38° 02′18.65″ E 128° 28′04.46″
		- Lower left: N 38° 02′16.25″ E 128° 28′00.89″
		- Lower right: N 38° 02′15.65″ E 128° 28′04.99″
		• Ecological flux tower
		- Center: N 38° 02′16.87″ E 128° 28′05.94″
	*Personnel	Registrant (Ju-Kyeong Eo)/Owner (National Institute of Ecology)	Name	Ju-Kyeong Eo
			Affiliate	National Institute of Ecology
			e-mail	abiesendo@gmail.com
	*License	Open data	Open data	Open data
Optional	*Project	Soil microbial biodiversity and its environment		LTER (2016)
Optional	Instrument